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Writer's pictureMichelle Hayman

Countering Common Catholic Assertions: A Biblical and Historical Perspective

Updated: Oct 12


Some Catholics may say that the Catholic Church has not sold indulgences, framing the practice as a means for individuals to express repentance and support the Church through donations for pilgrimages and maintenance of church buildings. They argue that indulgences are not a way to reduce time in purgatory but rather reflect a temporal struggle here on Earth, embodying a deeper spiritual journey.


However, this interpretation significantly overlooks historical evidence and the actual practice surrounding indulgences, particularly during the late Middle Ages. Indulgences were indeed sold, often as financial transactions meant to alleviate punishment for sins. Historian Richard D. W. Muir points out that the Church at the time effectively marketed indulgences as a way to buy one’s way out of purgatory or lessen the time spent there. Martin Luther's famous "95 Theses," posted in 1517, explicitly criticized this practice, stating, "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs," revealing the commercial exploitation that existed within the Church.


The existence of Gregorian Mass cards and the offering of Masses for indulgences can be seen as evidence of the continued commercialization of indulgences in the Catholic Church. Despite claims that donations for these Masses are voluntary stipends, the expectation of payment in exchange for spiritual benefits—like reducing time in purgatory—resembles the controversial practices criticized during the Reformation. This could be viewed as financial exploitation, particularly since these offerings are made for souls in need of salvation.


The Church's continued practice of issuing anathemas against those who deny its authority to grant indulgences is far from holy, especially considering purgatory itself is not a biblical concept.


The Apostle Peter, who is considered the first pope by Catholics, warned against using the Gospel for personal gain. In 1 Peter 5:2 (KJV), he instructed church leaders to

“Feed the flock of God... not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind.” Similarly, Acts 8:20 (KJV) quotes Peter rebuking Simon the sorcerer for trying to buy the power of the Holy Spirit, saying,

“Thy money perish with thee, because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money.”

These scriptures stand in contrast to practices that involve financial transactions related to the faith, which can be seen as a form of profiting from the Holy Word.


Thus, offering Masses or indulgences for financial transactions, especially when these are tied to spiritual outcomes, can be viewed as a violation of these biblical principles. It raises questions about whether the Church is engaging in commercializing faith rather than offering genuine spiritual guidance free from monetary concerns.


For further evidence that these cards are still being sold for financial gain, see the link below.


The Question of Purgatory


Catholics often defend the concept of purgatory by describing it as a necessary purification process for faithful Christians who die with minor sins. They argue that this purification is made possible through Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, suggesting that purgatory is part of the divine plan for salvation.


However, the concept of purgatory lacks direct scriptural support in the Bible. While some may reference passages such as 2 Maccabees 12:46, this book is part of the Apocrypha and not recognized in the Protestant canon. The King James Bible (KJB) presents salvation as complete upon faith in Jesus Christ (John 3:16; Ephesians 2:8-9). Ephesians 2:8-9 states, "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast." This highlights that salvation is a gift from God, not something that requires further purification post-death.


The Second Commandment and Religious Imagery


Another argument made by some Catholics is that the Second Commandment does not prohibit the use of religious imagery but only condemns idolatry. They might cite the construction of the bronze serpent by Moses as an example where God commanded the creation of a physical image.


However, this interpretation misapplies the intent of the commandment. The Second Commandment states, "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth" (Exodus 20:4, KJB). While the bronze serpent was indeed used as a tool for God’s purpose (Numbers 21:9), it was eventually destroyed due to the Israelites’ idolatry (2 Kings 18:4), indicating that even divinely sanctioned images can lead to misuse and worship of the created rather than the Creator.


The Inquisition and Historical Accountability


In discussions about the Inquisition, some Catholics assert that the death toll has been grossly exaggerated, claiming that only 2,500 to 3,000 people were condemned during its course, with sentences carried out by secular authorities rather than the Church itself.


While it is true that secular powers executed sentences, the Church’s authority played a pivotal role in the Inquisition. Historian Edward Peters, in his work "Inquisition," details how the Church's actions led to the persecution of thousands. Other scholars suggest that estimates of the number of victims could be significantly higher than claimed, highlighting a dark chapter in the Church's history that cannot be glossed over or minimized. The use of torture and execution for heresy runs contrary to the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized love, forgiveness, and grace.


Constantine and Early Christianity


Regarding historical figures like Constantine, Catholics may argue that he was the first Christian emperor, who legalized Christianity and should not be slandered. While it is correct that Constantine played a critical role in the legalization of Christianity, historical accounts indicate that his reign was also marked by violence and power consolidation. He famously ordered the execution of family members whom he suspected of plotting against him, suggesting a morally complex character that doesn't align neatly with the teachings of Christ.


Addressing Works and Salvation


The assertion that works are not necessary for salvation is often met with the counterargument that Paul, while emphasizing faith, also stressed the importance of charity and good works. For instance, James 2:24 states, "Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only." However, this does not negate the core belief of Sola Fide—faith alone. Paul consistently teaches that salvation comes through faith (Romans 3:28) and that while good works are evidence of faith, they do not contribute to salvation itself.


The Fire of Judgment


Furthermore, 1 Corinthians 3:12-15 is often cited to support the notion of purgatory through the metaphor of works being tested by fire. However, the context of this passage emphasizes accountability for believers rather than posthumous purification. The passage reads, "Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is." The fire represents judgment of one’s works in this life, not a mechanism of purification after death.



Addressing the Catholic Understanding of the Mass


One common assertion made by Catholics is that the Mass represents the literal body and blood of Christ, based on His words at the Last Supper. They believe that Jesus commanded His followers to partake in this sacrament as a way of remembering and participating in His sacrifice. However, a deeper examination of Scripture raises significant questions about this interpretation.


Firstly, when Jesus stated, "Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you" (John 6:53, KJB), it is crucial to consider the broader context of His teaching. Jesus often spoke in metaphorical language to convey spiritual truths. For instance, when speaking to the Samaritan woman at the well, He referred to Himself as the "living water" (John 4:10, KJB), yet it is understood that He did not mean for her to drink from Him literally. The same principle applies to His statements about His flesh and blood.


Moreover, the Old Testament law explicitly prohibits the consumption of blood. Leviticus 17:10-14 states, "And whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn among you, that eateth any manner of blood; I will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood, and will cut him off from among his people" (KJB). This clear commandment raises serious theological concerns about the practice of consuming what Catholics claim to be Christ's literal blood.


Additionally, it is essential to recognize that Christ's sacrifice was a one-time event, sufficient for the atonement of sin. Hebrews 10:12 asserts, "But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God" (KJB). This indicates that there is no need for continual sacrifices or representations of His sacrifice. The notion that the Mass is a re-presentation of Christ's sacrifice diminishes the efficacy of His once-and-for-all offering.


Furthermore, it is important to consider the nature of Christ's glorified body. After His resurrection, Jesus' body was transformed into a glorified state, as seen when He appeared to His disciples. In this glorified form, He no longer possessed the same physical attributes as before His death; thus, the argument that Catholics can "call Him down" to transform bread and wine into His body and blood contradicts the understanding of His resurrected nature. In John 6:63, Jesus Himself emphasizes, "It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life" (KJB). This statement indicates that spiritual truth, rather than physical consumption, is what imparts life.


In summary, while the Catholic Church teaches that the Mass is a literal sacrifice and a means of receiving Christ’s body and blood, this view lacks firm scriptural support. Jesus’ teachings should be understood within their metaphorical context, and the clear prohibitions against consuming blood must be considered. The sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice and the transformed nature of His resurrected body further challenge the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation and the necessity of the Mass as a continuing sacrifice.


The Case for Scrutiny of Public Funding to Religious Institutions


In contemporary society, the financial support of religious institutions through public funds, donations, stipends, and fees raises significant ethical and moral questions. This is especially true for cases where taxpayers, who may not adhere to the religion in question, are contributing financially to these organizations. A notable example can be seen in Spain, where the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) receives approximately 315 million euros annually from the state, a practice that warrants serious scrutiny and debate.


Public Funding and Its Implications


The allocation of public funds to religious institutions can be perceived as a violation of the principle of separation of church and state. In many democratic societies, this principle serves to ensure that government actions do not favor one religion over another or impose a particular set of beliefs on the populace. When taxpayers fund religious organizations, they may inadvertently support ideologies and practices that do not align with their beliefs. This is particularly concerning when one considers that a substantial portion of the population may identify as secular, non-religious, or belong to faiths other than that of the recipient organization.


Financial Accountability and Transparency


Furthermore, any institution receiving public funds should be held to the highest standards of financial accountability and transparency. For instance, the RCC's financial dealings have been scrutinized due to allegations of mismanagement, lack of transparency, and even cases of financial abuse. In a 2021 report, it was revealed that the Vatican faced significant financial challenges, with assets that were not adequately accounted for. This raises questions about how public funds are utilized within the church and whether they are truly serving the community or being used for other purposes. Transparency is crucial in establishing trust, and when taxpayers' money is involved, the demand for accountability becomes even more pressing.


The Right to Question


Taxpayers who do not identify as Catholic—or who may belong to other religious traditions or none at all—have every right to question the distribution of their hard-earned money to an organization that does not represent their beliefs. This inquiry becomes even more critical when one considers the history of the RCC regarding its handling of sensitive issues, such as the sexual abuse crisis that has plagued the institution. The revelations of widespread abuse and subsequent cover-ups have led many to argue that public trust in the institution has been severely compromised, making any financial support from the state questionable.


Precedent for Scrutiny


Internationally, there are precedents for scrutinizing government funding to religious organizations. In countries such as Germany, churches receive a tax that is collected by the state, leading to similar discussions about the appropriateness of such practices. The German system has faced criticism for effectively forcing taxpayers to contribute to religious institutions regardless of their personal beliefs. This model can lead to a questioning of whether a secular state should be involved in financing religious activities and whether citizens should be compelled to support institutions that may contradict their values.


In summary, any institution that relies on public funding, especially one that engages with the holy word or spiritual matters, should be subject to thorough scrutiny. The significant financial support given to the RCC in Spain exemplifies the need for transparency and accountability in how public funds are allocated. Taxpayers have the right to question these practices and ensure that their contributions do not inadvertently support ideologies or organizations that do not align with their beliefs. Ultimately, maintaining a clear separation between church and state is vital to preserving democratic values and ensuring that all citizens are treated equitably, regardless of their religious affiliation.


This is what Peter "the first pope" (according to Catholics) writes:


1 Peter 5:2-3: Peter instructs church leaders to shepherd the flock of God willingly and not for dishonest gain. He emphasizes the importance of serving with humility and integrity rather than seeking financial profit from their roles.


"Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; neither as being lords over God’s heritage, but being ensamples to the flock."


2 Peter 2:1-3: Here, Peter warns against false teachers who exploit the faithful for personal gain. He condemns those who use deceptive methods to profit from the gospel and assures that their destruction is certain.


"But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you."


Acts 8:18-20: This passage recounts the story of Simon the Sorcerer, who attempted to buy the power of the Holy Spirit from the apostles. Peter sternly rebukes him, stating that the gift of God cannot be purchased.


"But Peter said unto him, Thy money perish with thee, because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money."


These passages collectively underscore the biblical stance that spiritual leaders and teachers should not profit from the holy word or use their positions for personal gain. They call for genuine service, integrity, and a warning against the commercialization of faith.


For further reading, you can explore the full texts and context in the New Testament.


In conclusion, while Catholics may present various arguments in defense of their traditions, the historical and scriptural evidence challenges these assertions. The practices of indulgences, the concept of purgatory, the use of imagery, Catholic mass, and historical events like the Inquisition warrant a thorough examination. A careful study of the Bible, particularly the KJB, combined with a critical look at historical evidence, shows that many teachings and practices within the Catholic Church do not align with the original teachings of Christ and the apostles.


Moreover, the commercialization of faith poses a significant concern. When religious institutions prioritize financial gain over spiritual integrity, they risk undermining the very essence of their message. The Apostle Peter explicitly warned against exploiting the faithful for profit, emphasizing the importance of serving without seeking dishonest gain (1 Peter 5:2-3; 2 Peter 2:3). The merging of monetary interests with sacred beliefs can lead to a distortion of the gospel and distract from the core message of Christ’s sacrifice and grace.


In a broader context, the allocation of public funds to religious institutions raises ethical questions. For instance, Spain’s financial support of the Catholic Church with 315 million euros annually warrants scrutiny from taxpayers, particularly those who may not share the same faith. It invites a critical dialogue on the relationship between government funding and religious institutions, urging citizens to hold these organizations accountable for their financial practices and teachings.


Understanding these complexities is essential for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the faith. Engaging with these issues promotes a more authentic expression of spirituality, one that aligns with the teachings of Christ and encourages genuine service over profit.





The contrast between the golden processional cross, symbolizing opulence in the Roman Catholic Church, and the wooden, bloody cross of Christ raises significant questions about the essence of Christian faith. In Matthew 6:19-21 (KJV), Jesus teaches, "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal." This admonition warns against the accumulation of wealth and material excess, suggesting that true value lies not in gold or silver but in spiritual riches.


When the Church utilizes a lavish golden cross, it arguably strays from the humble and sacrificial nature of Christ’s crucifixion. The wooden cross, associated with suffering and sacrifice, stands in stark contrast to the extravagance of ornate symbols. Furthermore, 1 Corinthians 3:12-13 (KJV) states, "Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; Every man's work shall be made manifest." Here, Paul emphasizes that the foundation of faith should not be adorned with material wealth, as it cannot withstand the test of fire.


This discrepancy raises profound questions about the authenticity of representing Christ’s sacrifice through symbols of opulence. Can a golden cross genuinely embody the message of redemption that comes from the wooden cross, which signifies Christ's suffering and ultimate sacrifice for humanity? It challenges believers to reflect on the true meaning of their faith and the symbols they choose to uphold.

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